An Ensemble Learning Model for COVID-19 Detection from Blood Test Samples

Current research endeavors in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease has proven indispensable with very promising results. Despite these promising results, there are still limitations in real-time detection of COVID-19 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test data, such as limited datasets, imbalance classes, a high misclassification rate of models, and the need for specialized research in identifying the best features and thus improving prediction rates. This study aims to investigate and apply the ensemble learning approach to develop prediction models for effective detection of COVID-19 using routine laboratory blood test results. Hence, an ensemble machine learning-based COVID-19 detection system is presented, aiming to aid clinicians to diagnose this virus effectively. The experiment was conducted using custom convolutional neural network (CNN) models as a first-stage classifier and 15 supervised machine learning algorithms as a second-stage classifier: K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine (Linear and RBF), Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, MultiLayer Perceptron, AdaBoost, ExtraTrees, Logistic Regression, Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (LDA/QDA), Passive, Ridge, and Stochastic Gradient Descent Classifier. Our findings show that an ensemble learning model based on DNN and ExtraTrees achieved a mean accuracy of 99.28% and area under curve (AUC) of 99.4%, while AdaBoost gave a mean accuracy of 99.28% and AUC of 98.8% on the San Raffaele Hospital dataset, respectively. The comparison of the proposed COVID-19 detection approach with other state-of-the-art approaches using the same dataset shows that the proposed method outperforms several other COVID-19 diagnostics methods.publishedVersio

IMPLEMENTATION OF A BIMODAL BIOMETRIC ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DATA CENTER

The use of biometrics has become one of the only sure ways to provide secure access control to rooms where vital asset are stored, such as data centers where valuable information are stored. This paper aim at designing and implementing a bimodal biometric access control system for data center using fingerprint and Iris trait of the same person, it is called bimodal biometric system. The system was implemented by integrating hardware components such as PIC18F452 microcontroller, fingerprint and iris sensors and so no with the software programs as such C language and MYSQL interface. On testing, it is found to improve the security and reliability in the access control systems management of the data cente

An improved random bit-stuffing technique with a modified RSA algorithm for resisting attacks in information security (RBMRSA)

The recent innovations in network application and the internet have made data and network security the major role in data communication system development. Cryptography is one of the outstanding and powerful tools for ensuring data and network security. In cryptography, randomization of encrypted data increases the security level as well as the Computational Complexity of cryptographic algorithms involved. This research study provides encryption algorithms that bring confidentiality and integrity based on two algorithms. The encryption algorithms include a well-known RSA algorithm (1024 key length) with an enhanced bit insertion algorithm to enhance the security of RSA against different attacks. The security classical RSA has depreciated irrespective of the size of the key length due to the development in computing technology and hacking system. Due to these lapses, we have tried to improve on the contribution of the paper by enhancing the security of RSA against different attacks and also increasing diffusion degree without increasing the key length. The security analysis of the study was compared with classical RSA of 1024 key length using mathematical evaluation proofs, the experimental results generated were compared with classical RSA of 1024 key length using avalanche effect in (%) and computational complexity as performance evaluation metrics. The results show that RBMRSA is better than classical RSA in terms of security but at the cost of execution time.publishedVersio

A BIMODAL BIOMETRIC BANK VAULT ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

The bank vault system has security as its most important aim. Banks could go bankrupt if the vault’s security system becomes compromised. In this paper, the use of bimodal biometrics (fingerprint and iris) is proposed as a means of ensuring the full integrity of the bank’s vault system, thus, further reducing the rate of compromise and theft within the bank’s vault system. A scanner captures the fingerprint and the iris of authorized users. The images of the fingerprint and iris captured by the scanner are segmented, normalized and made into templates that are stored in a database along with the particulars of the users. The accuracy of the system is measured in terms of sample acquisition error and recognition performance using False Accept Rate (FAR), False Identification Rate (FIR) and False Reject Rate (FRR). The result shows that the proposed system is very effective

IMPLEMENTATION OF A BIMODAL BIOMETRIC ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DATA CENTER

The use of biometrics has become one of the only sure ways to provide secure access control to rooms where vital asset are stored, such as data centers where valuable information are stored. This paper aim at designing and implementing a bimodal biometric access control system for data center using fingerprint and Iris trait of the same person, it is called bimodal biometric system. The system was implemented by integrating hardware components such as PIC18F452 microcontroller, fingerprint and iris sensors and so no with the software programs as such C language and MYSQL interface. On testing, it is found to improve the security and reliability in the access control systems management of the data center

BiLSTM with data augmentation using interpolation methods to improve early detection of Parkinson disease

Serija: Annals of computer science and information systems, vol. 21The lack of dopamine in the human brain is the cause of Parkinson disease (PD) which is a degenerative disorder common globally to older citizens. However, late detection of this disease before the first clinical diagnosis has led to increased mortality rate. Research effort towards the early detection of PD has encountered challenges such as: small dataset size, class imbalance, overfitting, high false detection rate, model complexity, etc. This paper aims to improve early detection of PD using machine learning through data augmentation for very small datasets. We propose using Spline interpolation and Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial (Pchip) interpolation methods to generate synthetic data instances. We further investigate on reducing dimensionality of features for effective and real-time classification while considering computational complexity of implementation on real-life mobile phones. For classification we use Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) deep learning network and compare the results with traditional machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Logistic regression, KNN and Ensemble bagged tree. For experimental validation we use the Oxford Parkinson disease dataset with 195 data samples, which we have augmented with 571 synthetic data samples. The results for BiLSTM shows that even with a holdout of 90%, the model was still able to effectively recognize PD with an average accuracy for ten rounds experiment using 22 features as 82.86%, 97.1%, and 96.37% for original, augmented (Spline) and augmented (Pchip) datasets, respectively. Our results show that proposed data augmentation schemes have significantly (p < 0.001) improved the accuracy of PD recognition on a small dataset using both classical machine learning models and BiLSTMInformatikos fakultetasKauno technologijos universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

A Model for Automatic Control of Home Appliances using DTMF Technique

Electrical devices and appliances cause a lots of problem and havoc if they are not switched off when they are not in use. This study devel-oped a Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) technology for the remote control of home appliances. A Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) decoder MT8870, a mobile phone, a binary coded decimal decoder, a crystal pulse generator, and other components were used for the model and development of the system. The Dual Tone Multiple Frequency decoder (MT8870) receives and converts decimal signals to binary. The binary signals are further processed and converted back to binary by the binary coded decimal decoder. The processed signals are then sent to the relay for appropriate switching. Dedicated phone digits send commands to devices/appliances by switching them on or off. The simula-tion was done using MATLAB 7.0 using accuracy and convergence time as performance metrics. The simulation results showed that the DTMF based home automation has high percentage of accuracy transmitting. The convergence time result showed that signal transmitted took shorter time to converge. In conclusion the developed model proves to be efficient in controlling home devices/appliances remotely

Few-shot learning with a novel Voronoi Tessellation-based image augmentation method for facial palsy detection

Face palsy has adverse effects on the appearance of a person and has negative social and functional consequences on the patient. Deep learning methods can improve face palsy detection rate, but their efficiency is limited by insufficient data, class imbalance, and high misclassification rate. To alleviate the lack of data and improve the performance of deep learning models for palsy face detection, data augmentation methods can be used. In this paper, we propose a novel Voronoi decomposition-based random region erasing (VDRRE) image augmentation method consisting of partitioning images into randomly defined Voronoi cells as an alternative to rectangular based random erasing method. The proposed method augments the image dataset with new images, which are used to train the deep neural network. We achieved an accuracy of 99.34% using two-shot learning with VDRRE augmentation on palsy faces from Youtube Face Palsy (YFP) dataset, while normal faces are taken from Caltech Face Database. Our model shows an improvement over state-of-the-art methods in the detection of facial palsy from a small dataset of face imagesInformatikos fakultetasKauno technologijos universitetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Detection of COVID-19 from Deep Breathing Sounds Using Sound Spectrum with Image Augmentation and Deep Learning Techniques

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most disruptive outbreaks of the 21st century considering its impacts on our freedoms and social lifestyle. Several methods have been used to monitor and diagnose this virus, which includes the use of RT-PCR test and chest CT/CXR scans. Recent studies have employed various crowdsourced sound data types such as coughing, breathing, sneezing, etc., for the detection of COVID-19. However, the application of artificial intelligence methods and machine learning algorithms on these sound datasets still suffer some limitations such as the poor performance of the test results due to increase of misclassified data, limited datasets resulting in the overfitting of deep learning methods, the high computational cost of some augmentation models, and varying quality feature-extracted images resulting in poor reliability. We propose a simple yet effective deep learning model, called DeepShufNet, for COVID-19 detection. A data augmentation method based on the color transformation and noise addition was used for generating synthetic image datasets from sound data. The efficiencies of the synthetic dataset were evaluated using two feature extraction approaches, namely Mel spectrogram and GFCC. The performance of the proposed DeepShufNet model was evaluated using a deep breathing COSWARA dataset, which shows improved performance with a lower misclassification rate of the minority class. The proposed model achieved an accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and f-score of 90.1%, 77.1%, 62.7%, 95.98%, and 69.1%, respectively, for positive COVID-19 detection using the Mel COCOA-2 augmented training datasets. The proposed model showed an improved performance compared to some of the state-of-the-art-methods

Detection of COVID-19 from Deep Breathing Sounds Using Sound Spectrum with Image Augmentation and Deep Learning Techniques

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most disruptive outbreaks of the 21st century considering its impacts on our freedoms and social lifestyle. Several methods have been used to monitor and diagnose this virus, which includes the use of RT-PCR test and chest CT/CXR scans. Recent studies have employed various crowdsourced sound data types such as coughing, breathing, sneezing, etc., for the detection of COVID-19. However, the application of artificial intelligence methods and machine learning algorithms on these sound datasets still suffer some limitations such as the poor performance of the test results due to increase of misclassified data, limited datasets resulting in the overfitting of deep learning methods, the high computational cost of some augmentation models, and varying quality feature-extracted images resulting in poor reliability. We propose a simple yet effective deep learning model, called DeepShufNet, for COVID-19 detection. A data augmentation method based on the color transformation and noise addition was used for generating synthetic image datasets from sound data. The efficiencies of the synthetic dataset were evaluated using two feature extraction approaches, namely Mel spectrogram and GFCC. The performance of the proposed DeepShufNet model was evaluated using a deep breathing COSWARA dataset, which shows improved performance with a lower misclassification rate of the minority class. The proposed model achieved an accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and f-score of 90.1%, 77.1%, 62.7%, 95.98%, and 69.1%, respectively, for positive COVID-19 detection using the Mel COCOA-2 augmented training datasets. The proposed model showed an improved performance compared to some of the state-of-the-art-methods